Antibiofilm Test of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of the Jarak Tintir (Jatropha multifida L.) Stem Against Escherichia coli Bacteria

Abstract

Biofilm is a population of bacterial cells that strongly attached to a surface and enclosed by a layer of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). Biofilms serve to protect bacteria from external environmental influences such as disinfectants, immune systems, and antibiotics. One of the bacteria species which is able to form biofilm is Escherichia coli. Jarak tintir (Jatropha multifida L.) is a medicinal plant used by the community to treat the infection. Ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha multifida L. stem contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. These compounds are suspected to be responsible as antibacterials agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition ability of ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha multifida L.stem against Escherichia coli biofilm. The biofilm inhibition test was carried out using the crystal violet microtiter plate assay method. Ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha multifida L.stem has the percentage inhibition against clinical isolate Escherichia coli biofilm (72.39%) and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 biofilm (85.10%) at its MIC value or at a concentration of 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha multifida L. stem has activity in inhibiting biofilm of Escherichia coli.