Immunostimulant Activity Of Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Loaded Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri) on Staphylococcus Aureus-induced Wistar Male Rats

Abstract

Background: Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) has pharmacological activity as an immunostimulant, which can activate neutrophils and lymphocytes. However, the extract has poor solubility and has impact on both its bioavailability and pharmacological activity. A self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) dosage form is made to solve this issue. Objective: To examine the effect of immunostimulatory activity of the SNEDDS of meniran based on the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in male Wistar rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods: This study used 25 test animals which were divided into 5 test groups with different treatment; (1) the normal group with distilled water, (2) the negative group with bases of SNEDDS, (3) the positive group was treated with levamisole drug, (4) the SNEDDS group with SNEDDS of meniran, and (5) and extract group with meniran extract preparation. The test animals were treated for 13 days, and Saureus induction was carried out on the 14th day. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, and 15, and the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils was measured using a hematology analyzer. The data were presented as mean SD and analyzed using the ANOVA test (p<0.05). Result: SNEDDS of meniran increased neutrophil value in rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus of around 0.40 x 10/ µL but decreased lymphocyte value of around 3.51 x 10/ µL. On the other hand, meniran extract increased neutrophil value of around 4.10 x 10/ µL. but decreased lymphocyte value of around 0.65 x 10/ µL.There was no significant difference in lymphocyte and neutrophil values between SNEDDS of meniran and meniran extract. Compared to the other groups with p-0.05, they also showed no difference. Conclusion: SNEDDS of meniran has no activity as an immunostimulant on rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus.