The Impact of Technology Adoption on Climate Adaptation Readiness in ASEAN: Evidence From 2014–2023

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of technological adoption on climate adaptation readiness in ASEAN Six and Non-ASEAN Six countries over the period 2014–2023, using dynamic panel data estimated with the System GMM approach. Technological adoption is proxied by secure internet services, while climate adaptation readiness is examined in total and across its social, governance, and economic dimensions, with economic size, innovation, and renewable energy consumption included as control variables. The findings show that technological adoption has a positive and significant impact on total climate adaptation readiness, particularly in ASEAN Six countries, indicating the importance of digital infrastructure in strengthening overall adaptive capacity. Technological adoption also significantly improves governance readiness, reflecting better institutional coordination and policy effectiveness. However, its effects on social and economic readiness are positive but statistically insignificant, suggesting that technology alone is insufficient without supportive social structures and economic institutions. Overall, the results highlight that climate adaptation readiness is persistent and cumulative, underscoring the need to integrate technological development with broader governance and structural reforms.