The Level of Bim Implementation by Contractors at The Tender, Pre- Construction, and Construction Stages

Abstract

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and quality in the construction industry. However, its implementation in Indonesia faces challenges such as regulatory constraints, a shortage of skilled professionals, high investment costs, and limited government support. Additionally, factors like sudden design changes and substandard material quality further hinder its adoption. This research aims to analyse BIM implementation across the tender, pre-construction, and construction stages in Indonesia, identifying adoption levels and key barriers. a quantitative approach was used, employing a Likert scale and qualitative analysis techniques to assess contractor perceptions. The study involved 19 respondents from the construction sector. Validity and reliability tests were conducted to ensure data accuracy. The analysis focused on the Respondent Achievement Level (TCR) to measure BIM adoption rates at different project stages. The results indicate that BIM is most widely implemented during the pre-construction stage (75.79%), primarily for design coordination, clash detection, and project planning. The tender stage (72.28%) shows moderate adoption, mainly for cost estimation and bid preparation, though challenges such as limited standardization persist. The construction stage (70.53%) records the lowest adoption, highlighting difficulties in on-site integration, real-time data access, and workforce readiness. These findings suggest that while BIM is beneficial, further investment in training, technology, and policy development is needed to enhance its implementation across all project phases in Indonesia.