Immunostimulant Activity of Phyllanthus Niruri L. Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) Against Raw 264.7 Cell: Phagocytosis Activity and Nitric Oxide Productio

Abstract

Background: Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) increases the immune system in the body. The active compound that contained meniran is a flavonoid, which has immunostimulant activity. Meniran extract in SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) could provide an optimal and stable pharmacological effect. Purpose: This study examined the immunostimulant activity of SNEDDS of meniran in vitro by determining the phagocytosis activity of RAW 264.7 cells and measuring the levels of nitric oxide production against latex. Methods: The research was conducted in vitro, which determined the phagocytosis activity and production of nitric oxide levels of RAW 264.7 cells. The samples consist of meniran extract group, a meniran SNEDDS group, a meniran base group, a market product of meniran group, and a medium control group. Every group sample consists of four concentration tests (50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 g/mL). The phagocytosis activity was observed under a microscope at 40x magnification to get the phagocytosis index and phagocytic capacity. The nitric oxide production was analyzed on a microplate reader to obtain absorbance. Results: The phagocytosis activity test found that RAW 264.7 cells were more active when given treatment with meniran SNEDDS, especially at a concentration of 50 g/mL. It was confirmed by the phagocytosis index (0.51 + 0.03) and the total phagocytosis capacity (52.5 ± 5.90). Likewise, in terms of the production of nitric oxide, all concentrations of the meniran SNEDDS test (50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 g/mL) reached the highest percentage enhancement of NO of 91.283%, 75.000%, 66.595%, and, 58.980%. Conclusion: Meniran SNEDDS had a higher immunostimulant activity than the meniran extract, and market product of meniran extract that increase the phagocytosis activity and stimulates nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 cell.