Aplikasi Teori Health Belief Model Pada Perilaku Merokok Siswa-Siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak

Abstract

Background: The amount of Indonesia's cigarette consumption is increasing from year to year till we come to the third place of countries in the world that consume a huge number of cigarettes. The increase smoking prevalence was highest among adolescents between the ages of 15-19 years from 13.7% in 1995 to 32.8% in 2004. The purpose of this study was to determine how the theories of health belief model can be applied in the smoking behavior of students of Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak senior high school. Methods: This study used cross sectional method by taking the entire sample of students of class X (ten) and XI (eleven) of Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak senior high school. Questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability are to be distributed to the entire students. The questionnaire contains questions that illustrate all the research variables, namely demographic factors, individual beliefs, and smoking behavior. Demographic factors consisted of gender, ethnicity, socio-economic, and knowledge. While individual beliefs consist of the perception of susceptibility and severity of disease, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived ability. After the questionnaires completed by each respondent, the data were analyzed descriptively and analytically of bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) using SPSS Version 17. Results: A total of 271 students correctly fill the whole question questionnaire. There are 65 (24%) students were smokers and 206 (76%) non-smokers. Gender factor and knowledge significantly (p <0.05) affect the perception of barriers and self-efficacy. All variables in the theory of individual belief health belief model has a significant correlation (p <0.05) for smoking behavior with the power of relationships from the largest to the smallest row is the perception of self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived barriers, and perceived susceptibility and severity disease. Conclusion: The theories of health belief model can be applied to the the smoking behavior of students of Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianaksenior high school.