Analysis of Heavy Equipment Combination in Embankment Work in the Yogyakarta- Bawen Toll Road Project

Abstract

The development of toll road infrastructure in Indonesia continues to grow rapidly to support national connectivity, including the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road as one of the National Strategic Projects. In this project, embankment work is a crucial stage that requires the use of heavy equipment with high productivity. The proper selection of equipment type and combination is essential to ensure efficiency in terms of time and cost. However, variations in soil conditions, cycle time, and equipment availability often affect the overall performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the productivity of heavy equipment, evaluate alternative equipment combinations, and determine the most effective option for optimizing both duration and cost of the project. This research employed a field study approach through direct observations and data collection at the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road Project, Section 1. The primary data consisted of cycle time and idle time measurements for excavators, dump trucks, bulldozers, sheepsfoot rollers, and vibratory rollers, which were recorded using a Stopwatch Time Study and Work Sampling over five working days. Secondary data, including embankment volume, project layout, and rental costs, were obtained from the contractor. Productivity was then calculated based on cycle time, efficiency factors, and equipment capacity. Three alternative equipment combinations were analyzed and compared to the existing condition to identify the most effective balance between duration and cost. The results show that the existing combination required 107 working days at a total cost of Rp1,651,195,200. Alternative 1 reduced the duration to 82 days, Alternative 2 to 55–56 days, and Alternative 3 to 41 days. Although the alternatives required slightly higher costs (ranging from Rp1,652,327,000 to Rp1,658,685,000), the time savings were significant. Among the options, Alternative 3, which employed 4 excavators, 48 dump trucks, 3 bulldozers, 2 sheepsfoot rollers, and 2 vibratory rollers, was identified as the most suitable in terms of project duration. Conversely, Alternative 1 provided the most cost-efficient solution. These findings indicate a trade-off between time and cost, allowing decision-makers to select the appropriate alternative based on project priorities.